THE DYNAMICS OF DIPLOMATIC IMMUNITY IN THE THAILAND–CAMBODIA DISPUTE: AN ASEAN REGIONAL INTERNATIONAL LAW PERSPECTIVE
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Abstract
Diplomatic immunity is a fundamental principle of international law designed to ensure the smooth conduct of relations among States through the protection of diplomats and state representatives. In the Thailand–Cambodia dispute concerning the Preah Vihear Temple area, the dynamics of bilateral diplomatic relations demonstrate the tension between the principle of diplomatic immunity, national interests, and ASEAN’s regional dispute-settlement mechanisms. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of diplomatic immunity in the Thailand–Cambodia dispute and to assess the effectiveness of the ASEAN regional international law framework in maintaining regional stability. The research employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. Data were collected through library research, including international conventions, the ASEAN Charter, scholarly journals, and decisions of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) concerning the Preah Vihear dispute. The findings reveal that diplomatic immunity in the Thailand–Cambodia dispute functions not only as a legal safeguard for diplomats but also as a political instrument for preserving bilateral relations and regional stability. Through the principles embodied in the ASEAN Way, ASEAN prioritizes the peaceful settlement of disputes through negotiation and diplomacy rather than coercive measures. However, this mechanism faces limitations due to its adherence to the principle of non-interference and its reliance on the consent of member states. Consequently, there is a need to strengthen ASEAN’s regional legal mechanisms to ensure that interstate disputes can be resolved more effectively while upholding the principles of international law and maintaining diplomatic relations.
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