Mapping Causes of Local Election Result Disputes and Procedural Justice Solutions
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Abstract
Direct local executive elections in Indonesia aim to enhance democratic governance but do not automatically improve democratic quality without the consistent application of free and fair election principles. This study analyzes patterns of violations in local elections and the role of the Constitutional Court in resolving election result disputes. Predominant violations include the mobilization and lack of neutrality of civil servants, abuse of office and state resources by incumbents, and widespread vote-buying practices. Judicial practice demonstrates that the Constitutional Court has expanded its review beyond vote-count accuracy to include administrative and criminal violations occurring throughout the electoral process, particularly those that are structured, systematic, and massive or that significantly affect election outcomes. Remedies imposed by the Court vary according to the severity and timing of violations, ranging from repeat voting to annulment of results, while other violations remain subject to enforcement by competent institutions. This development reflects a shift toward substantive justice and material truth in constitutional adjudication. The study concludes that effective dispute resolution mechanisms and procedural justice are essential to ensuring electoral integrity and strengthening local democracy in Indonesia.
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